Manganese Metal

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MANGANESE is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses.
Manganese is a pinkish-gray, chemically active element. It is a hard metal and is very brittle. It is hard to melt, but easily oxidized. Manganese is reactive when pure, and as a powder it will burn in oxygen, it reacts with water (it rusts like iron) and dissolves in dilute.
APPLICATIONS:
Manganese is essential to iron and steel production. Manganese is a key component of low-cost stainless steel formulations and certain widely used aluminum alloys. Manganese dioxide is also used as a catalyst. Manganese is used to decolorize glass and make violet coloured glass. Potassium permanganate is a potent oxidizer and used as a disinfectant. Other compound that find application are Manganese oxide (MnO) and manganese carbonate (MnCO3): the first goes into fertilizers and ceramics, the second is the starting material for making other manganese compounds.
In Copper Alloys:
Manganese is probably the most versatile element which can be added to copper alloys. Small additions of manganese (0.1 to 0.3%) are used to deoxidise the alloy and improve its castability and mechanical strength. Manganese has a high solid solubility in copper and in binary systems with copper and aluminum, zinc or nickel as the binary constituent. Many commercial copper alloys contain around 1 to 2% manganese to improve strength and hot workability. In order to reduce costs, manganese can replace part of the nickel in nickel-silver alloys.
In Aluminum Industry:
Manganese is used as an alloying element up to its solubility limit of about 1.5%. Aluminum-manganese alloys and aluminum-manganese-magnesium alloys, which have been sold under different trade names, have found applications in such diversified areas as kitchenware, roofing, car radiators and transportation. By far the most important use of aluminum-manganese alloys is for beverage cans, of which some 100 billion units are produced each year. The market for aluminum-manganese cans has grown steadily, thanks to the fact that such cans can be recycled.
Aluminum alloys containing up to 9% Mn have promising properties, but they cannot as yet be economically produced. Technologies to produce these commercial “amorphous” metals through very fast cooling are of potential interest but the processes used are still very expensive and can only be applied to high value materials used in the aerospace industry.
Other Applications: Manganese is used in zinc alloys, but only at contents of 0.1 to 0.2%. It can also be used in magnesium alloys with the same content range, with the one exception of an alloy with 1.5% Mn.
Manganese can also be added to gold, silver, bismuth etc., to give alloys which are used for very specific applications, generally related to the electronic industry. The quantities involved are very small.

Chemical Element	Mn	C	S	P	Si	Fe
99.9 Min	99.90%	0.01	0.02	0.001	0.002	0.001
99.7 Min	99.70%	0.04	0.05	0.005	0.01	0.03
97 Min	97%	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.4	2
96 Min	96%	0.1	0.05	0.05	0.5	2.3
95 Min	95%	0.15	0.06	0.06	0.8	2.8
94-96 Min	94-96%	0.02	0.03	0.002	0.002	0.001
92-94 Min	92-94%	0.02	0.03	0.002	0.002	0.001